Rheometer

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    "description": "The University requires a rheometer that must satisfy two key requirements: (1) it must be capable of performing simultaneous rotational (shear) and compressional (squeeze) deformation and (2) it must be capable of sampling data at a rate of 5000 samples/second or more, and provide access to this unfiltered raw data without requiring ancillary hardware or software. This instrument is intended for probing the flow and mechanical properties of a variety of complex soft materials, particularly dense suspensions, polymers and filled composites. Current projects include a 'high solid content dispersions' project, and industry-funded work on the extrusion of filled composites. Previous work from the soft matter group at the University has shown that the flow and deformation of densely packed suspensions and composites is controlled by the formation of heterogeneous load bearing networks, and characterising these materials typically requires techniques that go far beyond traditional steady-state rheology. A particularly novel feature of these materials is that they are frequently 'fragile', meaning that they can be rigid and resist motion in one direction, but then give way and flow if pushed along a different axis. Understanding this fragility is crucial to understand and model realistic flows (eq, during extrusion), and it can even be exploited to aid processing by breaking jammed structures and facilitating flow. Current work has been limited to either uni-axial shear reversal, or small-amplitude oscillatory orthogonal shear with a limited force range. The ability of the Malvern Kinexus rheometer to carry out simultaneous rotational shear and axial compression/extension, and thus subject these materials to multi-directional flow profiles, will be crucial for future work examining fragility and jamming in these materials. For example, in filled composites used in our work with industry, preliminary experiments show that axial compression can dramatically alter the material shear rheology, though we have limited data as we can only probe a single fixed compression in a given experiment. The ability of the Kinexus continuously vary the compressive force while also applying rotational shear would enable to fully characterise this relationship, opening up a new dimension in this research. In addition to understanding how these materials respond to complex flow profiles, it is also crucial to understand the temporal dynamics as these load bearing networks form and break. Recent work demonstrated that a careful analysis of unsteady oscillations in a shear thickening suspension can yield new insight into the nano-scale particle contact dynamics. Such analysis generally requires high-speed data sampling to resolve these oscillations. The Kinexus offers 5000 samples/second, a 5x improvement over other models, integrated into the standard rheometer software and workflow. This time resolution would greatly expand the range of materials we could test in this oscillation-analysis framework, and the ability to combine high-speed data acquisition with complex squeeze+shear flow profiles would be transformative. The Malvern Panalytical Kinexus rheometer has been identified as the only product capable of meeting the above requirements. (SC Ref:590628)",
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